Choose an internationally operating firm with publicly available Essay

Choose an internationally operating firm with publicly available reporting and download its most recent annual report. Analyse this report and summarize your findings in an executive summary - Essay Example This is probably one of the factors that have contributed to its position as the world’s largest of athletic footwear and apparel (Nike Inc., 2014, p. 47). Perhaps another factor that has contributed to this status is its adoption of technology-based innovation. Nike indicates that one of the channels through which it sells its products is its websites, a marketing venture it refers to as Direct to Consumer (DTC) operations. Indeed, Nike has carved out a niche for itself as the brand to watch in the sports world. Nike’s annual report is now analyzed to understand how and why Nike has managed to attain this achievement. Nike has a wide revenue base. It has a wide range of products from which it develops its product mix. According to its annual report, there are eight key categories of Nike’s product offerings. These are running, basketball, football (Soccer), women’s training, men’s training, sportswear, action sports and golf (Nike Inc., 2014, p. 47). Nike sells its products in a number of markets and geographical segments. It reports the following operating segments: North America, Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, Japan, Greater China and Emerging Markets. Moreover, Converse operations, whose results are reported independently, are another of Nike’s segments. In terms of sales revenues, Nike classifies its revenue collection as either local or international. For the 2014 fiscal year, Nike and Converse sales in the US contributed to 46% of total revenues.26 % of these sales came from Nike’s three largest customers (Nike Inc., 2014, p. 48). In retrospect, sales from the international category accounted for 54% of Nike’s total revenues. In this category, its three largest customers accounted for a total of 6% of its international revenues. Financial data is usually an important element for any entity. Such data arises from the accounting process and is usually represented as financial

The Hound Of The Baskervilles Essay Example for Free

The Hound Of The Baskervilles Essay Mr and Miss Stapleton claim to be brother and sister and as they live in Merripit House. These are some of the prime suspects as they lived right near Sir Charles- or now sir Henry. At first they seem pleasant folk although when Watson first meets them Mr Stapleton becomes distracted at one point and Miss Stapleton thinking Watson is Sir Henry Baskerville warns him at there first introduction. Go back Go straight back to London instantly This obviously makes Watson of both of them. Even though Holmes knew all along Watson only found out near the end when Holmes told him that Mr and Miss Stapleton werent brother and sister they were married, but Watson must have got the impression before hand because Sir Henry in the end fell in love with Miss Stapleton but every time they went to meet etc Mr Stapleton was always there. As we know Mr Stapleton killed Sir Charles with his hound and he nearly got away with it if it werent for Watson and Sherlock Holmes. Throughout this Miss Stapleton was helpless because when she was going to try and stop the killing of Sir Henry, Mr Stapleton tied her up so she was totally helpless. This creates suspense throughout the novel, as no one knows if they really are what they say they are. Mr and Mrs Barrymore were suspects in this as they were Sir Charles servants and Watson found out while he was staying with Sir Henry that Barrymore went to a room every few nights and gave a signal. In the end they followed Mr Barrymore and found out that the escaped convict on the moor was Mrs Barrymores brother and they were signalling to him so they could go out and give him food. Eventually the hound killed Seldon as he was mistaken for Sir Henry as he was wearing some of his old clothes Mrs Barrymore had given him. Mrs Laura Lyons father is Mr frankland but because she married without his consent he wouldnt have anything to do with her. Sir Charles and her were very close; he helped Laura and lent her money. Laura fell in love with Mr Stapleton though as she thought he wasnt married, he tricked her into saying to sir Charles to meet her at 10 oclock instead Mr Stapleton went there with the hound and Sir Charles died. A few clues were Sherlock Holmes and Watson got all this information from is from a missing boot which was used by Mr Stapleton to find Sir Henry on the moor because it had his scent, Talking to Miss Laura Lyons a lot and obviously there general Knowledge. In conclusion to Conan Doyles- Hound of the Baskervilles I think it was a good book with lots of ups and downs and a whole load of suspense and Dramatic Tension.

Gangliosidosis: A Brief Review Of Associated Neuropathology Essay

Gangliosidosis: A Brief Review Of Associated Neuropathology Gangliosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease which affects primarily the nervous system. This disease is the result of an autosomal recessive mutation which causes a lack or deficiency of an enzyme important in the metabolism of gangliosides. This deficient enzyme can vary depending on the type of mutation present causing either GM1 or GM2 gangliosidosis. Each of these will be discussed later, although the overall effects are similar. Increased amounts of gangliosides inside neurons leads to, often lethal, neurodegenerative disorders. TAY- SACHS One of the more common of these disorders is known as Tay--Sachs. Bernard Sachs was the first to describe the cellular morphological features of this disease, "distended cytoplasm of the neurons and ballooning of their dendrites". Later, in the 1930’s, the term ganglioside was used to describe the accumulating material in the neurons which was characteristic of the disease. Tay-Sachs is an infantile form of GM2 gangliosidosis most often found in Ashkenazi Jews. The rate of this disease is almost ten times higher in this population than in most others. Genetically, Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is caused by a mutation at the alpha subunit locus. In Ashkenazi Jews the mutation is primarily found in two forms. The first is a 4 base pair insertion into exon 11, the other is a G-to-C transversion mutation in the intron 12 splice site. A separate mutation has been found in the Moroccan Jews, the deletion of a phenylalanine codon in the alpha subunit sequence. Recently, other mutations have been identified in these and other populations. In all cases, these mutations impair the alpha subunit of beta hexosaminidase A resulting... ...8. Drucker, L."Identification and Rapid Detection of Three Tay--Sachs Mutations in the Moroccan Jew Population." Am. J. Human Genetics. 1992; 51: 371-77. Fredrico, A. "The Clinical Aspect of Adult Hexosaminidase Deficiencies." Developmental Neuroscience. 1991; 13: 280-287 Fukumizu, M. "Tay-Sachs Disease: Progression of Changes on Neuroimaging in Four Cases." Neuroradiology. 1992; 34: 483-486. Gravel, R.A. "Biochemistry and Genetics of Tay-Sachs Disease." The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 1991; 18: 419-423. Maia, Maria. "Juvenile GM2 Variant B1: Clinical and Biochemical Study in Seven Patients." Neuropediatrics. 1990; 21: 18-23. Specola, N. "The Juvenile and Chronic Forms of GM2 Gangliosidosis." Neurology. 1990; 40: 145-150. Suzuki, K. "Neuropathology of Late Onset Gangliosidosis." Developmental Neuroscience. 1991;13: 205-10.

Slave Trading Essay -- Slavery

â€Å"African slavery is the corner-stone of the industrial, social, and political fabric of the South; and whatever wars against it, wars against her very existence. Strike down the institution of African slavery and you reduce the South to depopulation and barbarism.† –Lawerence Keitt, South Carolina Congressman, 1860 Slave trading dates back to ancient times, but it did not become popular until the fifteenth century when the Portugese began engaging in slave trading for profit. The colonization of the Americas brought about a new wave of slave importation in the late seventeenth century. A large percentage of the indentured servants and Native Americans were dying from diseases bought to the land by Europeans, and the American colonists were forced to look elsewhere for laborers. They discovered that African Americans were virtually immune to tropical diseases, cheap to import, and were experienced agrarians, so they championed slavery under the premise that African Americans were inferior to their own race. Because slaves were cheap, it was much easier for a planter to work a slave to his death and replace him with another than to treat him well. By the end of the seventeenth century, African American were being imported to the Americas and sold to planters by the thousands. Slavery, indeed, bec ame the â€Å"cornerstone† of America’s economic success. Without the grueling labor of the slaves, the booming sugar, rice, cotton, and tobacco industries would have ceased to exist in the New World. As the Americas evolved from a simple farming society into an agricultural stronghold, settlers became more and more dependent on slavery. By the mid-eighteenth century, slaves vastly outnumbered colonists. During the seventeenth, eight... ...audah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself, volume 1, 70-88. Thomas Clarkson, The History of the Rise, Progress, and Accomplishments of the African Slave Trade by the British Parliament. Ibid. Ibid. Equiano, 70-88. Ibid. Solomon Northup, Twelve Years A Slave, 78-82. Equanio, 70-88. Ibid. â€Å"Management of Slaves, &c,† The Farmer’s Register: A Monthly Publication Devoted to the Improvement of the Practice and Support of the Interests of Agriculture 5, 10 May 1837, 32-33. Ibid. Samuel G. Howe, in John W. Blassingame, Slave Testimony, American Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission Interviews, 386. Ibid. Howe, 385. Ibid. Howe, 386. Joint Select Committee Chairman, Testimony Taken by the Joint Select Committee to Inquire Into the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States, volume 1, 1862, 411-412. Ibid. Ibid.

KFC Exploring Strategy Essay

Summary You are introduced to KFC organization. A fast-food chain restaurant comes from North Corbin, Kentucky that featuring fried chicken. KFC is recognized as the best fried chicken with its original 11 herbs recipes and produce most fried chicken to the world. What makes KFC still remain strongly while other companies are struggling to find a spot in the market? To answer this question, you will be finding out KFC strategic profile, vision, mission and values that is created and brought towards customers. Understanding the company strategic development and how the Corporate and Business level create and develop strategies and knowing what your competitors are doing. We will acknowledge about its customers perception, innovation and international strategy. What has KFC been doing to innovate its staffs, how innovation is created, what changes the companies has made and how did it result. The strategy analysis and main focus on home country – competitive advantage developed from hom e country. At the end of this report, you will be able to perceive the organization values in order to create competitive advantages that make the business sustainable in the presence and future. 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background KFC (originally known as Kentucky Fried Chicken) a subsidiary of Yam! Brands. Together with Taco Bell, Long John Silver’s and Pizza Hut they are forming the world’s largest restaurant system with more than 32,500 outlets in 118 countries worldwide. KFC was founded by an entrepreneur named Harland Sanders in North Corbin, Kentucky, 1930. He started by selling fried chicken at his roadside restaurant during The Great Depression and discovered the potential of fast-food restaurant franchising concepts. Since then he expanded his first franchise market in Utah and foreseen a rapid successful business. 1.1.1 Company Vision/Mission/Objective The company’s vision statement is to be â€Å"To be the leading integrated food services group in the ASEAN region delivering consistent quality products and excellent customer-focused service†. Its purpose is to bring people from all religions, ages and backgrounds together to enjoy good food, ‘proper food at reasonable prices’ KFC mission is about reasons to â€Å"Celebrate their achievements of others and have funs doing it† by customers focus and belief in people. â€Å"Recognition is everybody’s responsibilities† (Adonis Chapel, 2008) In achieving its vision and mission KFC plans to offer a healthy menu to customers. Providing customers with their best and making customers with smile every time they eat at KFC in order to make repeated and potential customers. On the other hands, all associates need to be trained to be customers maniacs. KFC has invented some options for healthier choices to meet different types of customers and expectation. They still continue to expand their business to get more customers purchasing their food 1.1.2 SWOT (www.business-docs.co.uk/documents/swot-analysis-template) Below table is SWOT analysis of KFC in 2013 Strengths KFC has earned the second largest sales in 2013 among those fast-food restaurants Secret homemade 11 herbs recipes First western food style to establish in China Subsidiary of the second largest fast-food in the world together with of KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell Offering the most original and the advantage of market leader among restaurants offering chickens as their primary menu Weaknesses Too many anonymous suppliers that caused the excessive antibiotics in used chicken Experience high employee turnover as they always short of long term staffs Unhealthy menu, most of items are deep fried Not focusing on advertisement campaign Negative publicity Weak in marketing effects Opportunities Innovation on healthy menu in order to target different type of customers Providing customers’ needs by offering 24hour services, drive through and home delivery Expending on the variety of food choices, not only chicken Potential growth in Asian countries such as Vietnam, Malaysia and Philippines Threats Lawsuits against the company for its unsafe chicken Consumers are more concerned about their health and tend to reduce on fast and oily food Ups and downs currency rates in different countries More people are following the trend of healthy eating 1.1.3 PESTEL (www.dineshbakshi.com/igcse-business-studies/external-environment/revision-notes/63-external-environment-factors) KFC combines three major elements PESTEL which are P- Political: KFC political analysis is their directive to run the restaurant. They use politics to solve the problem. Because the claim of excessive antibiotics in chicken. They made a loss in their profits. CEO of Yum Chinese operations apologized to the public for the mistake and did a makeover menu for China to revive its sales and image. S- Social: analysis which supports the operation’s progress. It may involve culture, values, norms, behaviour and belief of a particular country and they have social activities for the environment. Malaysia is a Muslim country. In order to understand and satisfy its people, KFC has cut off the other meat in their menu. 100% chicken used is Halal certificate. It is a way to respect a country’s religion and its people. T- Technological: the most important element in order to be competitive and follow up your competitors and trends. Without modern technology a company will collapse in the market. KFC was the first to introduce new baking system in their restaurant. Preparation process which involves cooking, frying and all other works are seen in front of customers. 1.2 Strategic Development How does KFC create and develop strategies (www.functionformulabusinessstrategy.blogspot.sg/2010/10/strategic-visioning.html) 1.2.1 Corporate Level Headquarters are located in Louisville, Kentucky. Working as a whole organization at the corporate level, its headquarters first made KFC as a basic model focusing on limited menu, low price meals and convenience. Chairman and CEO of Yum!, David C. Novak is in control of the operations. He makes most important decisions that will affect the whole organization. His key focus are 1) build leading brands across China in every significant category; 2) drive aggressive international expansion and build strong brands everywhere; 3) dramatically improve U.S. brand positions, consistency and returns; and 4) drive industry-leading, long-term shareholder and franchisee value (source: Taking people with you, David Novak, 2007) 1.2.2 Business Level In 1987 KFC was the first western restaurant to open in China; the brand has since grown rapidly throughout the island. KFC adapts its menu internationally to suit regional tastes, and there are over three hundred  KFC menu items worldwide. The company is now the largest restaurant chain in China. Sam Su is the chairman and CEO of Yum!’s Chinese operations. At the Business Level, the regional executive must have the understanding in the taste and culture of its country, to make some changes from the original menu that will satisfy the citizen but won’t affect the Corporate Level menu. Other than chicken, KFC in China is serving pork and skewers as well. Still keeping the original fried chicken but adding more items to interest customers and more various selections. Porridge is also being served because Chinese used to believe that eating a hot bowl of porridge in the morning is good for health and it is not too heavy. By inventing more items on the menu, Sam Su has on ly not targeted to the young people, but also people at different ages. Menu includes an average of 50 different menu items per store as he believes different people have different tastes. 1.2.3 BCG Besides fried chicken, KFC is also known for its delicious Zinger burger, which is at Star and the second best selling in store. Zinger burger is high for both market share and growth. Rice and Spice, newly invented item, high for market share but low growth. Twister is low for market share but high for market growth, certainly public acceptance. Arabian rice is low at both market share and growth. Today we hardly see it on the menu as it has recently removed. (www.download-reports.blogspot.sg/2011/09/new-product-development-at-kfc.html) 1.2.4 Porter’s 5 forces framework for KFC (www.hbr.org/2008/01/the-five-competitive-forces-that-shape-strategy/ar/1) Force 1: Power of Suppliers Suppliers are in control of providing KFC’s raw materials. Suppliers have the right to decide whether they still want to carry on contract with buyer. Any other buyers want to duplicate KFC menu they can just approach this supplier and offer a better price. If the supplier cut off the contract KFC will lose its market. Force 2: Power of Buyers KFC is in charge of making decision of which suppliers to get from. The amount of poultry used for KFC daily use is numerous. So suppliers must be able to supply the necessary amount without fail and ensuring that their raw materials are hygiene standard. Last year in China, KFC was having problem with its suppliers for the excessive antibiotics used in chicken. KFC immediately cut off more than 1,000 their suppliers after the scandal has affected the company’s image. Force 3: Threat of new Entrants New entrants are companies that recently enter in the same market and provide the same food. Radix Fried Chicken also specializes in fried chicken and has grabbed customers’ attention by switching their taste. Radix Fried Chicken was found in 2013 while KFC has started since 1930. Force 4: Threats of Substitute or Services Popeye’s is known for Louisiana kitchen. Their menu and taste are mostly similar to KFC. While KFC is specialised for its chicken Popeye’s also offer customer few seafood choices such as tempura and shrimp. They also invent biscuit and chicken mashed potato on their menu. Popeye’s is also offering free Wi-Fi. Force 5: Rivalry among existing competitors McDonald’s is KFC strongest competitors which also offering its menu items similar to KFC. Speed of service is extremely competitive and set meal price is mostly the same. McDonald’s has been offering its drive thru and 24hour services for years when KFC just recently tried out but only available in certain places. 2.0 Critical themes 2.1Customers (www.imeeta.wordpress.com/2012/04/27/business-strategy-bowmans-clock/) As evaluated, KFC is at position 3 which is Hybrid (moderate price and  moderate differentiation). Menu items offered like fried chickens, burgers, wings, drumsticks, side dishes, carbonated beverages and desserts are similar to other fast food restaurants such as McDonald’s, Popeye’s, and Burger King. Services are at tip stop speed comparing to other restaurants in the fast-food chain. KFC is always public acceptance and first option when they think of the phrase â€Å"fried chicken at an affordable price†. 2.2 Innovation In order to achieve a company’s success, staffs need to be encouraged. David C. Novak CEO and chairman of Yum! Brands, was recognized as one of the quick-serve industry’s Top 10 Most Innovative People on QRS Magazine. On his interview with â€Å"The CEO TV show- Interviewing American’s top CEO† he shared his learning while creating one of the most American products. He believed that people get excited about news and in the food business people love to try new things. The specific thing of what a CEO should do is extremely focus by looking and his own people and the way they do things. Driving innovation by getting out of the company and see what other people are doing. Listen to the voice of our customers, connect with them, and always reach for new innovations and excellence in everything they do He innovate his business by learning from his competitors in order to keep consistence. â€Å"Innovation by people’s inspiration† he said. David C. Novak devotes much of his time to personally train leadership skills for the company’s management staffs and franchisees, emphasizing teamwork and a belief in people that rewards and recognizes customer-focused behavior. In KFC there is no discrimination for old staffs. People after retirement can join KFC as a front clean-up staff. 2.3 International strategy KFC China’s global growth base on â€Å"go global, act local† by understanding the local culture, economic and regulatory differences becomes the key element to perform the business’s success. First KFC identified what the local like and dislike from customers’ feedback. Then they adapt the fast-food model to fit the local cuisine and culture. You won’t be able to find such thing called chicken with Sichuan spicy sauce, rice, egg tarts, and soybean milk on American menu. Chinese people use to in eat large group so KFC has  created larger value meal as well. They also hire local management staffs to take good care of customers and understand their way of local doing business well. The company also follows Chinese strict foreigner investment laws and in action with local producers. 3.0 Conclusion 3.1 Value KFC aims to achieve value by creating quality food at a reasonable price and convenient service. Making customer satisfaction as a priority and fulfill customer’s demands in order to meet their satisfaction. They have also developed value menu for kids and school children with lower prices, value meal and combo for large group of people to share instead of buying each person individually. Value is also created for royal staffs and who are rewarded with good customer services. 3.2 Competitive advantage KFC biggest competitive advantage is being the first fast-food restaurant chain to grow globally. They have gain popularity among years in the fast food chain featuring fried chicken. KFC is well-known for its homemade 11 herbs secret recipes and the leader market among those restaurants selling the same food. Secondly the company is in charge of setting the lowest price for others to follow. If any restaurant goes lower than that they will fail in the market share. 3.3 Sustainability For the last 84 years KFC has remained sustainable in the market. In 2016 KFC established the eco environment program by reducing the volume of water used and carbon footprint, encouraging energy efficiency and sensible material use. They have been working with Carbon Trust and to reduce their emissions. KFC is playing its part to reduce the environmental impact and protect our planet. 4.0 Recommendations Judging on the company business strategy, KFC should improve on its menu by creating for more choices of healthier food options. The purpose is to target different type of customers, customers with special needs or diet or people with obesity problems. They can offer brown rice or whole meal rice  instead of white rice, steamed chicken, boiled veggies. Or they can follow up with McDonald’s by offering KFC’s cafà ©, serving cakes, hot and cold coffee or tea, more ice cream options for the kids’ craving. In addition, they may also expand their areas for 24hour services and drive through for the convenience of late customers. References 1. The Associated Press (2011, October). Colonel Sanders secret recipes discovered; manuscript reveals KFC founder’s favorite hometown foods. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/eats/colonel-sanders-secret-recipes-discovered-manuscript-reveals-kfc-founder-favorite-hometown-foods-article-1.975651 2. Brady, D. (2012, March). KFC’s Big Game of Chicken. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-03-29/kfcs-big-game-of-chicken 3. ENP Newswire (2014, March 28). KFC China Launches New Menu and Marketing Strategy Nationwide; Milestone Signifies Next Phase of Company’s Aggressive and Comprehensive Plan to Restage KFC in China. Retrieved April 20, 2014, from http://smart-grid.tmcnet.com/news/2014/03/28/7749628.htm 4. Harvard Business School (2011, June 17). KFC’s Explosive Growth in China. Retrieved April 20, 2014, from http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/6704.html 5. Jurevicius, O. (2013, March 10). KFC SWOT anal ysis 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/swot-analyses/kfc-swot-analysis.html 6. Kassidy Emmerson, K. (2006, March 10). The History of Colonel Harland Sanders and His Kentucky Fried Chicken. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://voices.yahoo.com/the-history-colonel-harland-sanders-his-kentucky-23199.html 7. KFC Development (n.d.). Sustainability. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.kfcdevelopment.co.uk/sustainability.aspx#tab_greenfacts 8. Lencioni, P. M. (2010). The Five Temptations of a CEO: A Leadership Fable. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. 9. Liu, W. K. (2008). KFC in China: Secret recipe for success. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons (Asia. 10. Novak, D. (2012). Taking people with you: The only way to make big things happen. New York: Portfolio/Penguin. 11. Novak, D. (2007). The education of an accidental CEO: Lessons learned from the trailer park to the corner office.

Christopher Bruse -ROOSTER essays

Christopher Bruse -ROOSTER essays Describe the choreographic style of Christopher Bruce, and explain how it is reflected in Rooster. Christopher Bruce began his career as an impressive dancer, but as a choreographer he is nothing less that passionate and humane. He enjoys making people feel something and people come to theatres to see just that and his ability to fuse contemporary technique with an important relationship to ballet. Being greatly inspired by humanity, Bruce deliberately incorporates issues in society into his pieces and as a part of his choreographic style, through use of historical references and reflection, which are placed into a context that would interest and involve a current audience. He recognizes that ballet is an important part of dance, but tries to break down the barriers between contemporary and ballet in his choreography. His motto is that 99% is technique and 1% is inspiration and with this ideal he begins to choreograph his pieces. Versatility is very important for his dancers to have in achieving the best results to suite his choreography. In his early works there was a deliberate decision to avoid expression and music was not added till after he had completed the choreography. Unlike these pieces which are socially and politically bound, Rooster was choreographed and approached in a different way in order to communicate his inspiration and the issues that would develop from this in his choreography. Although the style of movements in relation to his other works would remain contemporary and uniquely Bruce, Rooster was created in a slightly different way, and he began choreography after being inspired by the music of the Rolling Stones, the period of the sixties of which he was apart and the whole nostalgia of that era. Although his approach was different for Rooster it still portrays heavily the elements which Bruces choreography holds signature to. It incorporates his use of issues in context to society,...

buy custom The Middle Ages essay

buy custom The Middle Ages essay The middle Ages is the period of European history from the fifth to fifteenth century. It comes after the fall of the Western Roman Empire and before the early modern era. The central middle ages witnessed important events in the long history of the church. This is the period when forms were cast that would eventually outline essential features of the Christian church through its entire life. The papacy which had been involved in scandals was awakened and made to assume active leadership roles. Due to the exhilaration of its awakening, the popes served the church effectively though divisions were soon evident. This paper will seek to discuss the guiding theological principles for developments of reforms and try to evaluate if the church and the society today is living with the consequences of these developments. The 11th century experienced a wave of reformers in the papacy that tried to introduce changes which brought about ecclesial authority. Several popes worked hard to reform the process by which elections were conducted in the church. They stamped out the vice of buying church offices and enforced celibacy for all priests. This consequently eliminated heirs to offices in the church. Among the popes who championed for these reforms were Leo, Calixtus and Gregory. Moreover, the church wanted to show a difference from the various European monarchs and bring itself out as a separate superior spiritual authority. It is thought that Pope Innocent enjoyed a superior authority that extended over various other worldly rulers in the peak of the papal authority. Leo was a key figure in developing reforms that aided in restoration of order in the monastic tradition. Amongst his recognized efforts were outlawing of simony and promotion of clerical celibacy. These reforms were supported by the popes who came after him where Pope Nicholas who facilitated the removal of pope appointing authority from the Roman Emperors and vested the authority in the cardinals (Halsall, 1996). Pope Gregory who had started reforms with Leo continued with the same reforms in England where he successfully promoted clerical celibacy and stumped out simony (Gonzales 286). Nonetheless, things were not smooth for Gregory as he experienced stiff resistance from Henry of Germany and Philip of France. Henry plundered and destroyed churches in open conflict with the Holy See. He continued with the vice of influencing elections of church leaders devoted to him. The French clergy with the backing of Phillip refused to comply with the reforms. Henry was excommunicated from the church severally (Coakley and Sterk 319-324). Conflict between the secular and church authorities continued. A structure was laid out by the Concordat of Worms by which elections of the bishops in Germany would be undertaken without any violence or simony and in presence of the Emperor (Halsall, 1996). The Emperor would then vest civil authority upon the bishops. Even so, division of power between the state and church would be realized where ecclesial authority signified by the ring and staff would be bestowed upon the clergy by the pope (Halsall, 1996). The vice of simony never ended as the battle for supremacy continued over the years where Emperor Barbarossa and his son Henry tried using their imperial power in influencing the election of pope. However, the cardinals had their way in electing a new pope Innocent after the death of Henry. Pope Innocent experienced the stature of papal power in the struggle that ensued between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Holy See. Soon after Innocent ascended to power, he set the tone for hi s sovereignty in a letter to the nobles of Tuscany and the perfect Acerbius in which according to Coakley he said just as the moon derives its light from the sun and is indeed lower than it in quantity and quality, in position and in power, so too the royal power derives the splendor of its dignity from the pontifical authority (319-324). Innocent prohibited usury in France where he declared that taxes would not be collected by feudal lords in churches and a person found disobeying this directive would be excommunicated. Innocent enormous power once came into the limelight when he pronounced an interdict against the whole of France after the French King Augustus married a third wife. Innocent succeeded in reversing the process as Augustuss nobles and bishops forced him not to marry the third wife (Gonzales 309). As much as Innocent was seen as a reformist, he also had his negative side. Ironically, Innocent is seen as condoning the same vice he was against. He named Otto as Holy Rom an Emperor after setting aside Fredrick. The churches today stand firmly in the above developments experienced in the central middle Ages. The catholic popes are still elected by cardinals and celibacy is practiced by priests. Though it is claimed that the powers of the state and the church are completely separate, spiritual leaders are known to give recommendations regarding political situations and these recommendations are used by Christians in making political choices. This is the main reason why in the run up to elections, candidates for the office of the president make advances towards conventional religious groups in an attempt to secure votes. There are also instances of selective use of government powers to enforce political detachment for religious institutions exempted from paying taxes. Buy custom The Middle Ages essay

Observation of American family essays

Observation of American family essays My family has never been one to do things small. All family gatherings and special events are done in large scale. We dont live close to each other so its always a huge deal when we do come together. Family is one of the things that I treasure the most in life. I have grown up believing that family comes first, and that my family loves me more than life itself. I have grown up with the smiles of my aunts and uncles, I have grown alongside the love of my grandparents and the cleverness of my cousins. My family is my world, they have a had a great deal in how I have grown up. The last family gathering that I can remember was on mothers day. Ive always enjoyed mothers day, and never gave a thought into it, but this time I sat in the living room with a pen and a pad and wrote everything that happened around me. I never realized that principles of anthropology applied to my family gatherings, but they did. Observing my family on mothers day made me realize that my family has their own beliefs on marriage rules, rules of residence, and they distinguish themselves according to their social class. The grown ups always liked to sit in the living room and talk, so I began to listen. They discussed my cousin Jennifer, and her engagement. They all seemed disappointed in it. She is 23 and still in college getting her masters in broadcasting. She announced her engagement three months ago and everyone was talking about it. Everyone disapproves her fianc. He is a black man, who is a mechanic and never has attended college. My family hates him. Its an unspoken rule that we must marry in our own culture. It makes it easier for my family to add to the family if that person shares our believes and customs. They want someone who they can relate with, someone who can blend into the family. They also, for vain reasons, want attractive people to add to the family. The wor...

Article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

Article review - Essay Example The second recommendation that the article makes contends that math programs for children must shift from focusing on numeracy and begin to explore concepts and ideas, which will develop a more powerful foundation in math (Burghes, 2012). Thirdly, the article recommends that math teachers need to focus more on designing better lesson plans. By studying the Japanese structure of lesson study, in which the math teachers undergo professional development by using their ‘research lessons’ to share their practice (Burghes, 2012). The article contends that this type of professional development successfully changes approaches to teaching since it gets all teachers engaged and on board. In the lesson study, the article proposes that teachers should first come up with an overarching lesson study aim. In addition, they should agree on the objectives for each lesson among themselves, plan a research lesson that satisfies two or more of the objectives, carry out an in-depth review after teaching the lessons, and note action plans that will be disseminated to be used for the next lesson cycle. Finally, the author claims that learning mathematical concepts will only be improved with leadership. The math coordinator mus t be a leader in the initiative to improve teaching and learning of math concepts. The coordinator will take responsibility for supporting and encouraging the rest, discussion and monitoring their progress, and intervening in the presence of uncertainties and problems (Burghes, 2012). The article studies an innovative math program for children that have achieved impressive results in Hungary, which is called the Mathematics Enhancement Program (Burghes, 2012). Most of the lessons learnt from the article are relevant in the US math curriculum. It is non-confrontational and friendly, encouraging teachers to engage pupils in discussion to find solutions to problems in math. The innovative structure enables the lesson plans to support class

Foreign policy analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Foreign policy analysis - Essay Example Allison suggests that using this model may be too simplistic to explain accurately the full dynamics of the crisis. One of his reasons in promoting the â€Å"organizational actor† theory in contrast to this interpretation is that the State is not a single entity but rather a practical assemblage of people, processes, and institutions that often act with conflicting rates of efficiency and motivation. As Sundaram (2011) writes, â€Å"An ‘organizational process’ model in which the decision maker operates under time and information constraints, and does not seek an optimal solution. Instead, the decision maker engages in ‘satisficing’ behavior and attempts to find a solution which achieves a set (minimum) goal, and minimizes risk of failure.† (Sundaram, 2011, p.22) Allison finally modified this thesis to a â€Å"bureaucratic politics† which took into consideration the full complexity of the government in action. (Sundaram, 2011, p.25) These distinctions show why the decision-making aspects of government may proceed differently in a crisis vs. during normal times. A crisis presents a critical situation that can spiral out of control at any moment. This is seen in the nuclear escalation between the USA and USSR in the Cuban Missile Crisis. ... Practically, when the Cuban Blockade was implemented by Kenendy, the policy would be implemented not by JFK himself but by a wide range of instruments of the US bureaucracy, military, and innumerable soldiers or staff. If any one of these individuals made a mistake in the crisis, it could have spiraled out of control in a way that would have changed the way Kennedy or Khrushchev could make further decisions. Compare the negotiations between Gorbachev and Reagan that took place at Reykjavik and other locations during the end of the Cold War. In one to one negotiations at the highest level, the rational actor theory seems like a plausible way to explain history. Yet, in the Cuban Missile Crisis, the American Navy and Russian Navy could have exchanged fire at any time, creating a Gulf of Tonkin or Lusitania moment that could have led to further escalation in MAD. Allison states he expected that Kennedy made a personal and private offer to Khrushchev that defused the situation, and histo rically he was proven correct. (Marks, 1991, Web) This offer allowed Khrushchev to remove bases from Cuba with the personal assurance from Kennedy that the US nuclear weapons would also be removed from Turkey. (Marks, 1991, Web) Question 2: assess the effectiveness of military force as a tool for foreign policy In an article written just after the 9/11 attacks, MIT professor Noam Chomsky cited the US Army manual which define terrorism as "the calculated use of violence or threat of violence to attain goals that are political, religious, or ideological in nature...through intimidation, coercion, or instilling fear." (Chomsky, 2002) What Chomsky and others have noted throughout history is the fundamental relationship of military force and the violence of war to terrorism. For example,

Seawest Services Association v Copenhaver Case Brief Study

Seawest Services Association v Copenhaver Brief - Case Study Example Residents outside the housing development that received the water services were also required to pay the supply and maintenance fee. The Copenhavers were limited members of the housing development, they purchased a house outside the housing development but received water services from Seawest Services Association. The Copenhavers paid for the water services for eight years since 2001 (Clarkson, Miller & Cross 233). In 2009, they refused to pay any water bills and maintenance bills. Seawest Services Association sued the Copenhavers. The courts found the defendant liable for the charges. The plaintiff, Copenhaver, appealed.Rule In an instance where a party enters into an agreement with another party, the courts have a mandate to decide whether there existed a valid quasi-contract between the parties. Application A quasi-contract is a contract that is implied by the law. There are not actual contracts. The Copenhavers did not have an actual contract with Seawest Services Association. Ho wever, the defendant knew the fact that no residence could be provided with water services without paying supply fee to the Seawater Services Association (Clarkson, Miller & Cross, 233). Consequently, this meant that a quasi-contract between the parties. Conclusion The court ruled that the quasi-contract does not allow for the enrichment of the Copenhavers as a result of unpaid water supply and maintenance charges (Clarkson, Miller & Cross, 233). For this reason, the defendant is found liable for the charges incurred.

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Ethics - Essay Example As per his analogy, there exists three social classes; the noble, slaves and priestly class. Guided by their subjective inclinations, the noble class defines morality by rendering what they perceive as being favorable to be good and vise versa (Nietzsche, 2010 p. 167). Conversely, those in the slave class remain oppressed by the distinctions made by the noble class; whereby, they live a resigned life serving the nobles with any attempt to progress thwarted. However, Nietzsche recognized that not everyone outside of the noble class remain passive to oppression by the noble class. They belong to the priestly class characterized by their hatred for those in the noble class, and unwillingness to accept a lower position in the social hierarchy (Nietzsche, 2010 p. 171). As a result, they developed a feeling of ressentiment conjured up by a â€Å"slave revolt† mentality. Nietzsche defined ressentiment as a reactive feeling to a continuous perceived sense of oppression; whereby, pent up frustrations predispose individuals to creating an â€Å"imaginary place† where they can direct these feelings. Discussed below is the origin of this psychological orientation, ressentiment’s role in shaping attitudes held by people today, whether individual’s values stem from this attitude and avenues for transformation to become better (Nietzsche, 2010 p 172). Nietzsche referred to ressentiment as a psychic mechanism. Psychic mechanisms are products of the ego, which result from the ego’s need to protect itself from a situation it perceives as a threat; for example, situations that impact the mood and affect of an individual negatively. Psychologist Sigmund Freud later referred to these psychic mechanisms as defense mechanisms and added more; for example, denial, regression, sublimation and displacement among others. According to him, defense mechanisms acted as coping mechanisms for individuals. Moreover, they functioned to prevent a state of incong ruence within an individual. Nietzsche’s ressentiment feeling is no different from Freud’s defense mechanisms because they all function to protect the individual and ensure minimal interference with their internal state of balance. Normalcy in a person’s psychological, physiological, cognitive, spiritual and social realms can only be achieved in the presence of internal balance. In this case, ressentiment functions to preserve balance by providing an outlet for pent up frustrations (Nietzsche, 2010 p. 173). In spite of the good brought about by psychic mechanisms, they also prove unfavorable in the sense that they function to distort reality by cocooning an individual; therefore, preventing them from dealing with unfavorable situations. Ressentiment as a reactive feeling provided an outlet for pent up frustrations; however, it failed to equip the slaves and priests with the strength they needed to overcome the nobles. In fact, the dynamics in the social hierarch y remained unaltered with the nobles living in their blissful state whereas their subordinates living in their pitiful state. People living in today’s society have not undergone a huge transformation in their mindset. In fact, many find themselves taking the easier way out, cowering from confronting issues. This is because stratifications in different aspects of the society are still in present. Arising from these stratifications in the society is a privileged class equipped with resources and the power to define morality in its entirety. The underprivileged, subordinate class

Pizza Hut Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Pizza Hut - Case Study Example The study utilized primary and secondary data. The primary data will come from the interviews of Pizza Hut Manager and customers, while the secondary data will come journal articles, internet websites, newspapers, textbooks and academic and industry professionals. Although there has been a lot of research on customer behavior and customer dissatisfaction, there is less study on customer satisfaction, this according to Shultz and Bailey in 2000. What are the reasons behind gambling on a study regarding simple satisfaction Loyal consumers do not leave a store or a restaurant for better services in another place (Anderson and Fornell, 1994). At the very minimal effort the other companies will just beat services offered. The main key component that a company should implement is to maintain their loyal customers. In order to maintain and gain loyal consumers is through providing high quality standards of products and services so that there will be a very minimal chance that the customer needs will not be fulfilled. Indeed, it is a common knowledge that there are difficulties in understanding the truth behind consumer needs, even if these requirements in advance the consumer can and will alter them without any reason at all. Customer Satisfaction According to the study of Kekre, Mayuram and Srinivasan in 1995, a successful company utilizes market analysis in order to understand the needs of their clients and provide satisfaction to them. This company should not just value profit and gains but also the satisfaction of their clients through this they can make the performance of their company strong and will implicate success. If a business organization desires to examine it themselves, they should observe the particular aspects like business contacts, reputation, advertising and their brand name, these aspects can help identify consumer satisfaction (Barbeschi, 2002). After identifying these aspects, the quantity of customer satisfaction a firm has and in which venues, strategic approaches can be formulated to guide the company to be more competitive. In the study of Carol and Reichheld in 1992, relationship marketing should be implemented. This type of marketing can establish in creating a long-term connection with customers instead of individual business deals. A firm having a full grasp of the consumer's needs as they go through their life phases. Its emphasis is a wide variety of products or services to their present clients, as it is necessary to them (Berry et al., 1988). At the same time Berry in 1983 acknowledges that relationship marketing can be implemented when there are options to select from, when the consumer makes their

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Ethics - Essay Example As per his analogy, there exists three social classes; the noble, slaves and priestly class. Guided by their subjective inclinations, the noble class defines morality by rendering what they perceive as being favorable to be good and vise versa (Nietzsche, 2010 p. 167). Conversely, those in the slave class remain oppressed by the distinctions made by the noble class; whereby, they live a resigned life serving the nobles with any attempt to progress thwarted. However, Nietzsche recognized that not everyone outside of the noble class remain passive to oppression by the noble class. They belong to the priestly class characterized by their hatred for those in the noble class, and unwillingness to accept a lower position in the social hierarchy (Nietzsche, 2010 p. 171). As a result, they developed a feeling of ressentiment conjured up by a â€Å"slave revolt† mentality. Nietzsche defined ressentiment as a reactive feeling to a continuous perceived sense of oppression; whereby, pent up frustrations predispose individuals to creating an â€Å"imaginary place† where they can direct these feelings. Discussed below is the origin of this psychological orientation, ressentiment’s role in shaping attitudes held by people today, whether individual’s values stem from this attitude and avenues for transformation to become better (Nietzsche, 2010 p 172). Nietzsche referred to ressentiment as a psychic mechanism. Psychic mechanisms are products of the ego, which result from the ego’s need to protect itself from a situation it perceives as a threat; for example, situations that impact the mood and affect of an individual negatively. Psychologist Sigmund Freud later referred to these psychic mechanisms as defense mechanisms and added more; for example, denial, regression, sublimation and displacement among others. According to him, defense mechanisms acted as coping mechanisms for individuals. Moreover, they functioned to prevent a state of incong ruence within an individual. Nietzsche’s ressentiment feeling is no different from Freud’s defense mechanisms because they all function to protect the individual and ensure minimal interference with their internal state of balance. Normalcy in a person’s psychological, physiological, cognitive, spiritual and social realms can only be achieved in the presence of internal balance. In this case, ressentiment functions to preserve balance by providing an outlet for pent up frustrations (Nietzsche, 2010 p. 173). In spite of the good brought about by psychic mechanisms, they also prove unfavorable in the sense that they function to distort reality by cocooning an individual; therefore, preventing them from dealing with unfavorable situations. Ressentiment as a reactive feeling provided an outlet for pent up frustrations; however, it failed to equip the slaves and priests with the strength they needed to overcome the nobles. In fact, the dynamics in the social hierarch y remained unaltered with the nobles living in their blissful state whereas their subordinates living in their pitiful state. People living in today’s society have not undergone a huge transformation in their mindset. In fact, many find themselves taking the easier way out, cowering from confronting issues. This is because stratifications in different aspects of the society are still in present. Arising from these stratifications in the society is a privileged class equipped with resources and the power to define morality in its entirety. The underprivileged, subordinate class

Discussion Questions on Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discussion Questions on Ethics - Assignment Example This is the case as witnessed in many of the societies. It is due to this that it is important for the people around us to offer nurturing and support. This support is important for the development of the mind and other natural characteristics. Advice is that nurturing takes place at a young age. This is for the best results in the character of the kid as he matures. Question 2 It is the duty of all human beings to show care and concern for others. This is due to the fact that the kind of help and assistance offered to others is the same one reciprocated to us. This is also for the assurance of an environment conducive enough for their thriving. When showing the care and concern, its direction is to anybody that requires it. This should not only go to the people that we are related to. The reason as to why we do this is for the achievement of proper coexistence of people who can rely on each other in times of need having the fact that human beings are interdependent. Human character receives judgment from the deeds that they carry out. It is from this that the natural behavior observed and categorized. There are the various people who do not show any care or concern for their fellow human beings. This is taken to be very unjust and is naturally treated with a lot of reckoning from the society. However, for the people that act up and offer the kind of support needed not only to their families but also to the people around them, they rewarded in many ways. Question 3 When people claim that murder is wrong, they just believe that it is wrong and do not necessarily believe in what they say. They believe it is wrong arising from the many ethics and related studies offered in life. Few people acknowledge that murder is wrong due to knowledge. This is because the education offered to people directs them to knowing the notion against the idea of murder. It is important to recognize the fact that people carry out activities from the experience that they have getting gui dance and majorly not out of their own mentality. Human beings possess this natural characteristic. Question 4 To qualify people as immortal, they must possess very indifferent human characteristics. The people I have in mind died a short while ago and their deaths took me by surprise. This is due to the characteristics that they possessed. An example of the characteristic is that very few times did the fall ill and even never visit the hospital even once. However, after their diagnosis of sickness, they died rather fast and this came as a shocker to many. Question 5 It is not morally permissible to use the human and animal DNA in the manner in which it is done. This is due to the fact that it defies all codes of character that are majorly against the alteration of human and any other beings. This is also against the bible that strongly preaches against these acts. The bible is the source of people’s judgment of morality and hence the manipulation of the human genes for creat ion of hybrids is ethically wrong. 1) For Plato, what kind of ability is necessary for one to entertain higher-level concepts or moral ideas? Like the rest of the early philosophers, Plato upholds a virtue-based eudaemonistic ethics. That is to mean, human well-fare, is regarded as the highest endeavor of moral thought and behavior; the qualities are the necessary skills and traits. If

The Tale of Tommy Nobody (A Bird Story) Essay Example for Free

The Tale of Tommy Nobody (A Bird Story) Essay The book called â€Å"The Tale of Tommy Nobody† tackles about the experience of a young bird named Tommy, the youngest of the songthrush family, his quest for identity and disposition in the society. The adventure started when the mother songthrush Sally finally allowed her six hatchlings to leave the nest and practice how to fly. Incidentally, the youngest and the smallest among the brood is Tommy. He is the last to go, and while the others seemed to have perfectly landed on the other tree branch, Tommy winded up with a crash at a nearby bird table. Whereby, other birds crowded around him and asked â€Å"what kind of bird is he?† By then, Tommy realized that he has no idea what he is, specifically when Bobby Bullfinch reiterated that â€Å"Everyone is somebody†.   This launched Tommy’s quest of finding out who and what he really is. Tommy made conversations with birds of different characteristics. Regardless of how they sound, what their appearance is and their nature, he made an attempt to find a link between him and the other birds, just to find out if he’s â€Å"one of them.† Given the fact that he is young, he got limitless hopes and grand undertakings. Simple task for him means the answer to his identity that will determine the rest of his life.. In the story, the most striking character is Tommy. He is in the process of a major change in his life. A crossroad between childhood and adulthood. Leaving the nest and learning how to fly in search for his own identity. An obstacle that all of us went through during that fragile times in our lives. To be different and to conform, to find out your own niche and a place to belong. The challege is to get stuck or grow up at all, spiritually, intellectually and emotionally. Reference: Thompson, Ruth; The Tale of Tommy Nobody (My Nature Library, First Ed. 1982)

Physical Structure Of Management Information System

Physical Structure Of Management Information System Jump to: Physical Structure of Management Information Systems Management Information System Types Advantages of Management Information Systems Disadvantages of Management Information Systems Management Information Systems in Banking Conclusion and Recommendations The report on Management information systems reviews the role of information systems in an organization. It is a system through which organization takes an effective decision which help to attain the overall objectives of an organization. A management Information System is a system which consists of people, computers and procedures for collecting and organizing of information that will help mangers to take decision in an organization. It aims as to provide information to the top level managers so that they can take effective decisions in an organization. Information system is a system which helps manager to make effective decisions for an organization. Information system can be defined as a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store and distribute information to the management of an organization for making effective decisions, to ensure coordination and control in an organization. (Laudon, 2006) Information systems consist of information related to people, places and things in an organization or outside the organization .i.e. the environment surrounding business. (Laudon, 2006) Functions of an Information System Information systems consist of three important activities which provide information to an organization to make relevant decisions, to control operations of an organization, to identify problems and to create new products and services. Three important activities in an information system are input, processing and output. (Laudon, 2006) Input collects data from within the organization or from its external business environment. Processing converts the data to an useful and meaningful form i.e. information Output helps to make available the processed information to the user of information. Output also provides feedback to the organization. Management Information System A management information system is a computerized system (Sarkissian, 2009) that is designed to provide useful information to an organization which will help them to make decision so as to attain their short term and long term goals. MIS is a combination of people, computers and procedures for collecting and organizing information in an organization that is useful for decision making in an organization. (Sarkissian, 2009). MIS is an integrated system for gathering relevant data, convert it in to right information and supplying the relevant information to concerned executive thus it is a system to provide the right information to the right person at the right time.(management-hub.com) The main objective of MIS is to provide necessary information to an organization so as to manage organization effectively. It is a communication tool between the top management and staffs that helps organization to attain their overall goals.( Sarkissian, 2010) Physical Structure of Management Information Systems A MIS is an organized system which consists of people, hardware, and communication networks and data sources that collects, transforms and distributes information in an organization. It is a tool which helps mangers in making decisions by providing regular flow of accurate information in an organization. (Sarkissian, 2009) The physical components of an MIS include hardware, software, database, personnel and procedures. Hardware Hardware consists of all physical components of a computer system like central processing unit (CPU), input devices, output devices, storage and communication devices. (Sarkissian, 2009) Software Software is an interface between the information system and users of information system. Software can be of two types system software and applications. The system software includes the operating system and special purposes programs. Application is developed to achieve a specific task. Software plays an important part in MIS. (Sarkissian, 2009) Database A database is a centrally managed and organized collection of data. Database helps to store data in an organized manner and to make available to those who need that data. Database helps to reduce duplication of data as it is centrally managed data one data can be store at one place avoiding redundancy and duplication of data. (Sarkissian, 2009) Procedures Procedures are essential for effective use of information system. Procedures consist of various instructions like user instructions, instructions for input preparation and operating instructions. These instructions help in using information system effectively. (Sarkissian, 2009) Personnel Number of personnel is required for implementation of MIS like computer operators, programmers, systems analysts and managers. Human beings are key requirements for implementation of MIS. In MIS both technical and managerial level people are required for proper implementation of MIS. (Sarkissian, 2009) Types of Management Information Systems There are four types of Management Information systems (Sarkissian, 2009) Transaction processing systems: TPS is a type of MIS which records a huge volume of recurring and routine data. They were introduced in the 1960 and are used widely today. TPS record transactions relating to inventories, raw materials, customers and sales. Many organizations use these systems to record day to-day transactions like banks use these systems to record deposits and payments made into bank accounts and Manager Use TPS to record transactions related to payments made to suppliers, customer billing and so on. (sarkissian, 2010). These systems help manager to determine trends in data and help them to plan accordingly in order to achieve overall organizational objectives. Operations information systems: These systems were introduced after TPS. They access data from TPS and organize data into a useable form. They were basically used to obtain data related to sales, inventory, and accounting and other performance related information. Operations information systems are used to plan and schedule production and assembly functions. (sarkissian, 2010). They help managers to take various curial decisions like how much raw materials to be ordered, when to schedule production and when to assemble the final products. It also help managers to take decisions about the manpower which will be require in the production and assembly processes. Decision support systems: A DSS helps managers to make important decisions. It consists of three fundamental components: Database management system (DBMS): it stores large amount of data related to all problems the DSS has been designed to tackle. Model-based management system (MBMS): it helps to convert data from DBMS into useful information which help managers in decision making process. Dialog generation and management system (DGMS), it provides a user-friendly interface between the system and the managers who are not experts in computer. (sarkissian, 2010). Expert systems: These systems uses human knowledge stored in a computer to solve problems same as human beings. These systems recognize, formulate and solve a problem. They also explain their solutions and learn from their experience. (sarkissian, 2010) Advantages of MIS MIS helps organization in their functioning. MIS record, process and tabulate all business transaction which helps organization to refer to the relevant data and to make improvements in the business transaction where the organization feels that they are lacking behind. (Moorty, 2009) For example the organization can compare actual and projected sales and can take necessary steps to improve their sales performance. (Moorty, 2009) MIS helps the top management of an organization in good decision making. It also helps the top management to evaluate whether the allocated resources have been properly utilized and whether the targets are been met by each department. It helps to facilitate a two way communication process in an organization. (Moorty, 2009). The top management communicates to employees what is expected from them and employees discuss their problems to their top management. Therefore MIS ensure an effective communication in an organization. Facilitates planning and controlling MIS provides relevant information from the top management to people working as staffs in an organization. It helps the top management to facilitate proper planning of organizational activities by providing relevant data of past and present. MIS integrates all information and ensures that each department is aware of the problems and requirements of another department and thus leads to co-ordination in an organization. (management-hub.com) Relevant Information MIS only provides relevant data by compressing the huge amount of data which helps management in quick decision making. Fast reaction to market changes MIS provides facts, data and trends which help organization to react immediately accordingly to the changes happening in the market. (Pirraglia, 2010) Competitive advantages Today Competition is very strong in any industries. It is important for an organization to identify their competitive advantage in order to differentiate them in the market. MIS provides huge amount of data to management which help them to identify their competitive advantage and to make strategies to enhance their competitive advantages through their decisions. (Pirraglia, 2010) Disadvantages of MIS MIS is a useful tool for management for making effective decisions for an organization. But there are many limitations of MIS which are as follows. MIS cannot be used independently MIS cannot be use independently in an organization. MIS provides only information which is useful for an organization but the interpretation and analyzes of the information requires human being and therefore MIS cannot use interpedently in an organization. (Moorty, 2009) MIS Expense MIS helps in effective decision making process but the implementation of MIS in an organization can be very expensive as all the divisions and processes of an organization should be reviewed. Training of new employees for the MIS can also add up to implementation charges. Besides this the installation charges are also huge. (Vitez, n.d) Employee Training MIS helps in effective decision making through review of all the processes and operations of an organization and proper trained employees are important for MIS implementation. Employees are involved in all the operations and processes of an organization and providing proper training to the employees will help the organization to achieve their overall objectives. (Vitez, n.d) MIS Flexibility MIS once installed in an organization may prove to be inflexible. And Changes in MIS program may require huge cost Information Flaws MIS helps management in effective decision making by providing information to the management. The main disadvantage of MIS could be that MIS sometimes gives improper or inadequate information to the management which makes it difficult for management in making decisions. (Vitez, n.d) Analysis and Discussion Example: Lakshmi Vilas Bank Lakshmi Vilas Bank is a fast growing private sector bank in India. The bank provides its banking services to several customers through a network of 271 branches and 168 ATMs spread over 14 states and one union territory. (lvbank, 2010) The products of Lakshmi Vilas bank consists of business credit, home loans, rental loans, car loans, education loans, SME credit facilities, NRI Services and online banking. It also provides mutual funds products and life insurance products of Aviva Life Insurance Co. Ltd. and general insurance products of Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Co. Ltd. (lvbank, 2010) The LVB has been offering various technology products through innovative delivery channels like NEFT, RTGS, SMS Alerts, SMS Pull Services, Net Banking, ATMs Mobile Payments and E-commerce. (cxotoday) Online services provided by Lakshmi Vilas bank National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT) NEFT is an efficient, secure and reliable system of funds transfer between accounts of customers of different banks. (lvbank, 2010) REAL TIME GROSS SETTLEMENT SYSTEM (RTGS) RTGS enables an efficient, secure and reliable transfer of funds between accounts of customers of different banks. (lvbank, 2010) INTERNET BANKING Internet banking allows customers to do their financial transaction from secure website of bank. Lakshmi Vilas Bank started internet banking on August 9, 2008. This facility is available to all their customers, who wish to do online banking. (lvbank, 2010) SMS BANKING Lakshmin Vilas bank also provides SMS banking to their customers. Using the mobile customers can enquire about their account balance and the status of their cheque book (lvbank, 2010) Electronic Clearing Service (ECS) Lakshmi Vilas Bank provides ECS facility to their customers. It allows fund transfer electronically and it is generally used for bulk credit and debit transactions like distribution of dividends, interest, salary pension, payment of bills. (lvbank, 2010) Problems Faced By Lakshmi Vilas Bank The Banks systems were unable to provide collective information to the manager which resulted into delay in decision making process even during emergency. (Microsoft, 2009) The accounts and planning team spend a huge amount of time in collating financial data from 250 branches which was submitted in various format. Analyzing all these data and preparing statutory reports took valuable time and resources of the bank. (Microsoft, 2009) The efficiency of the bank was affected due to lack of up to date information (Microsoft, 2009) Customers wanted fast information and more reliable information. Employees Productivity was affected Management was facing problem in their decision making process due to unavailable of proper information. Use of Information systems in Lakshmi Vilas Bank Lakshmi Vilas Bank International Visa Debit Card. The Visa debit cared introduced by Lakshmi Vilas Bank has help the bank to provide its new as well as existing customers with the facilities to shop, pay their bills, book their movie or airline and rail tickets online. (lvbank, 2010) MPLS architecture It is the first bank in Tamil Nadu to achieve 100% Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Architecture. The implementation of MPLS architecture helped LVB to reduce network operating cost as well as to provide higher availability of network for the branches. It helped bank to better performance of the application at branches through lesser congestion o the network. MPLS architecture will help bank to reduce maintenance and operational cost of 21 hubs of their bank. (cxotoday) Enterprise storage solution LVB has acquired enterprise storage solution which is a centralized system and will help bank to consolidate all its business database into one single system to effectively manage their customers. This solution has helped the bank to improve their overall efficiencies. (Information week, 2010) Datacraft IT security infrastructure and datacenter upgrading Datacraft is a provider of IT solutions and services. It had given IT security infrastructure and datacenter upgrading to LVB which will help the bank to avail the benefit of security for all their branches. (ciol, 2010) D2K technologies The bank chose MIS solution offered by D2K technologies while helped bank for consolidating real and accurate information for internal and compliance related reports.(Microsoft, 2009) Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Microsoft SQL Server 2008 provides security and reliability to banks business applications. As Mentioned by chief technology officer of Lakshmi Vilas Bank which says that the speed with which they were able to provide information to internal stakeholders, customers and government departments has improved significantly. (Microsoft, 2009) Advantage of information Technology and MIS in the Lakshmi Vilas Bank MIS in LVB helps the bank in their accurate reporting and functions of the bank. It helps them to plan their business activities, performance their business review and to exchange information in accurate time. (expressindia, 2001) Savings and Earning Potential Up MIS has help bank to savings in many forms. The branch is not busy preparing statement and the account department does not spend much of their time collating reports of 251 branches. On an average each person saves almost 3 hours a day leading to huge savings in people cost. The systems has also helped bank to available all the data centrally and that is why the branches doesnt have to submit their report to central office. (Microsoft, 2009) Improves Financial Management Compliance The time spends on consolidation of statements from 251 branches by the account department and planning department has been reduced by 30%. As stated by assistant manager of Lakshmi Vilas Bank, Compliance and reporting to the RBI and other government agencies have become fast and accurate as per compliance requirements. (Microsoft, 2009) Dashboards Enable Management with Decision Making The decision support system type of MIS enables management in fast decision making process by providing tabular and graphically representation of information. This system provides banks management by setting new goals by evaluating past trends. Each employee of the bank can access relevant and more secure information from central location. Customers and all stake holders of the bank can access relevant information from the bank. (Microsoft, 2009) Conclusion and Recommendations Information system is a system which helps management to take effective decisions for an organization. It is a tool which collect, process, store and distribute information to the management. Information systems are useful for providing information rather than raw data to the management. Data only shows number whereas information provides logical understanding of a figure. Information systems basically consist of data related to people, process and procedures inside the organization as well as it provides information of external business environment affecting the business. Information system performs the functions of processing of input into output .i.e. collecting of data and processing of the data into information and thereby helping managers in their decision making process. Management information system is a computerized system of providing information to the manager so that they can take long term and short term decisions in an organization. MIS is organized system which consists of people, hardware, and communication networks that collect data and transform that data into information. There are various types of Information systems based on different levels of organization i.e. strategic level dealing with the top most management for their long term decisions. Management level which deals with various managers with their plans and operational level that deals with the day to day activities of business. There are different types of Management information systems like Transaction processing systems that records huge volume of recurring and routine data like raw materials, inventories, customers and sales. Operations information systems track data from TPS and whose aim objective is to plan and schedule production and assembly functions. Decision support systems deal with making important decisions. Experts systems is a system which helps organization in solving their problems like human beings through their past experience. MIS helps organization by providing various benefits like MIS compares the performance of an organization which helps managers to identify whether the organization is performing good or not. It helps management in their decision making process by providing useful information to them. It is a tool of communication between top level management and employees. It provides only relevant data to management by compressing huge amount of data. It helps to ensure better co-ordination in an organization. It helps company to identify their competitive advantage and help them to enhance the value of their products. Besides various benefits there are some limitations of MIS like MIS cannot be independently used in an organization. The expense of installing MIS is very huge. MIS is a technical product which requires organization to provide training to huge number of their employees. Once a MIS is installed it is very costly to change that MIS system. Sometimes it may happen that MIS provides inadequate data which may not prove helpful for an organization. We have also taken example of Lakshmi Vilas bank in order to understand the impact of information systems on the working of the bank. It helped this bank to increase the speed and accuracy of information flow in the organization as well as outside the organization Today MIS is a useful tool of making effective decisions in an organization so it is very important that it should have no limitations. The cost of implementing MIS in an organization is very huge and is not flexible enough so it is important to make available MIS which doesnt cost much for an organization and which can accept changes. As stated earlier in our example of Lakshmi Vilas bank, the bank is using Information systems effectively and earning profits from it but there are many things bank should focus on With the increase in technology Bank should update their IS so that they can provide their customer with better services and increase its productivity. The IS used in a bank should be more secure. Thus Management Information system helps management in their effective decision making process and help them to run their organization profitably.

World Politics: American Hegemony Essay -- The US as Global Hegemon

UNITED STATES POWER Whenever world politics is mentioned, the state that appears to be at the apex of affairs is the United States of America, although some will argue that it isn’t. It is paramount we know that the international system is shaped by certain defining events that has lead to some significant changes, particularly those connected with different chapters of violence. Certainly, the world wars of the twentieth century and the more recent war on terror must be included as defining moments. The warning of brute force on a potentially large scale also highlights the vigorousness of the cold war period, which dominated world politics within an interval of four decades. The practice of international relations (IR) was introduced out of a need to discuss the causes of war and the different conditions for calm in the wake of the first world war, and it is relevant we know that this has remained a crucial focus ever since. However, violence is not the only factor capable of causing interrupt ion in the international system. Economic elements also have a remarkable impact. The great depression that happened in the 1920s, and the global financial crises of the contemporary period can be used as examples. Another concurrent problem concerns the environment, with the human climate being one among different number of important concerns for the continuing future of humankind and the planet in general. In this paper, I will argue that the current system is hegemonial. My explanation to hegemony will then be centered on the sources of the United States as a hegemonial power. Furthermore, I will state the different primary implications associated with the rise of China and what the Roman Empire offers for understanding the United Sta... ... The Costs of US Hegemony: Military Power, Military Spending, and US Trade Performance. Sage. http://rrp.sagepub.com.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/content/31/4/32.full.pdf+html R. Bruce Hitcher. (2008). Globalization Avant La Lettre: Globalization and the History of the Roman Empire. New Global Studies: Vol. 2: Iss. 2, Article 2. Susan V. Lawrence, Michael F. Martin. (2013). Understanding China’s Political System. Congressional Research Services. https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41007.pdf The Rise of China and the Future of the West. (2008, January 1). Retrieved from http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/63042/g-john-ikenberry/the-rise-of-china-and-the-future-of-the-west Wei-Wei Zhang. (2004). The Implications of the Rise of China. Foresight, Vol. 6 Iss: 4, P. 223 – 226. http://www.emeraldinsight.com.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/journals.htm?articleid=874264

Preston Hot Zone :: essays research papers

Preston's Hot Zone Imagine walking into a tiny village in Africa, suffering and dying from some unknown virus. As you approach the huts you hear the wails of pure agony from the afflicted tribe members. Coming closer, you smell the stench of vomit mixed with the bitter smell of warm blood. People inside lay dying in pools of their own vital fluids, coughing and vomiting up their own liquefied internal organs; their faces emotionless masks loosely hanging from their skulls, the connective tissue and collagen in their bodies turned to mush. Their skin bubbled up into a sea of tiny white blisters and spontaneous rips occurring at the slightest touch, pouring blood that refuses to coagulate. Hemmorging and massive clotting underneath the skin causing black and blue bruises all over the body. Their mouths bleeding around their teeth from hemorrhaging saliva glands and the sloughing off of their own tongues, throat lining, and wind pipe, crying tears of pure blood from hemorrhaging tear ducts and the disinte gration of the eyeball lining and bleeding from every opening on the body. You see the blood spattered room and pools of black vomit, expelled during the epileptic convulsions that accompany the last stages of death. Their hearts have bled into themselves, heart muscles softened and hemorrhaging , the brain clogged with dead blood cells (sludging of the brain), the liver bulging and yellow with deep cracks and the spleen a single hard blood clot. Babies with bloody noses born with red eyes lay dead from spontaneous abortions of affected mothers. It is the human slate-wiper, the invisible ultimate death, the filovirus named Ebola. The theme of Richard Preston's Hot Zone seems deal with man's one predator, the invisible one, the one thing that man cannot seek out and conquer, the one that lurks unseen and undetected in the shadows waiting for a warm body to make its new breeding ground in, with total disregard for person, social class, or status. We are "meat", as the biologists at the USAMRIID Institute stated, no names, no faces, no "individuality", the virus rips through our bodies with no thought, mechanical reproducers who sabotage our cells and used them as incubators until their "offspring" replicate to the point the cell wall bursts, releasing hundreds of new virus particles. Literally thousands of these "killers", as humans see them can be held on the point of an ink pen.

Acharya Devo Bhava

Raju Vanapala V V Raju, Founder & CEO of way2sms. com. V V Raju is main pillar behind the success of way2sms. com. Mr. Raju completed his MCA (Master Of Computer Application) in 2003 and then he started company named Way2Online Interactive India pvt ltd, and in 2006 Mr. Raju started way2sms. com website that provides free messaging (SMS) services. way2sms. com is India’s first free sms service started in Jan 2007 in Hyderabad and having Millions of subscribers currently and from May 2012 owned by ValueFirst Messaging Narayana Murthy N. R. Narayana Murthy is the GURU of Information Technology.He is the co-founder of Infosys Technologies and is one of the most well known personalities in the Indian IT sector. He was the CEO of Infosys for twenty years. In 2002 Nandan M. Nilekani took over as CEO from N. R. Narayana Murthy . Narayana Murthy then worked as Chairman and Chief Mentor from 2002 to 2006. After his retirement in August 2006 he continues as Chairman Emeritus. Azim Premj i Software tycoon Mr. Azim Premji is India’s Bill Gates and one of the Richest Indian for the past several years. He is Founder and Chairman of Wipro Technologies – one of the largest software companies in India.He is Providing his guidence to company from last four decades and one of the great indian leader of Software Field. In 2011, he has been awarded with Padma Vibhushan. Nandan Nilekani, one of the co-founder of Infosys with Narayan Murthy and he is the CEO and managing director of the Infosys. In 2002 Nandan M. Nilekani took over as CEO from N. R. Narayana Murthy before that he was Managing Director, President and Chief Operating Officer at Infosys. Mr. Nilekani started his career with Patni Computer Systems where he met Mr. Narayan Murthy then he worked at Infosys and served there for many years and left Infosys in 2009.India’s one of the best entrepreneurs : Mr. Nilekani is currently working as the Chairman of the UIDAI : Unique Identification Authority of Indi Krishna Bharat Krishna Bharat is creator of Google News. Bharat is one of the Principal Research Scientist at Google. Bharat is from Banglore,India and completed schooling from there and Graduation from IIT, Madras, India and Ph. D. from Georgia. He has joined Google in 1999. Currently Krishna Bharat is handling Google’s new Reasearch & Development Center in Bangalore,India Sashi ReddyThis man is associated with the world’s largest software testing and quality management company named ‘AppLabs‘, he is founder and executive chairman of this company. Mr. Sashi is also a founder and chairman of FXLabs, a company that develops game products in India for computers and Videogame consoles. Sashi Completed his Bechlor degree in Computer Science (BTech) from the IIT : Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India and completed his Master in Computer Science from New York,USA and Ph. D. from the Pennsylvania University.

Go Green Essay

The honorable, Miss Asmi Rusmanayanti as our speaking lecturer. Firstly. I would like to praise to the Almighty Allah SWT, because of His Blessing we are able to attend this speaking class. Secondly may peace be upon the prophet Muhammad Saw who has guided us from the darkness into the brightness. Ladies and gentlemen Before I deliver my speech, let me introduce may self. My name is Indrawati Husna. It is a great pleasure for me to be given the opportunity to deliver a speech entitled; Go Green. Ladies and gentlemen Go Green! program of environmental protection. This is just a simple phrase. But it means a lot for our earth. It aims at making global movements to participate actively in saving our earth – the only planet in which we live. In the last century, we know that our environment especially our rainforest in Indonesia has been cut down by human. Scientists state the function of rainforest as lungs of the world. Based on fact, Indonesia has lost 72% of the original fores t. How horrible it is! The deforestation will influence a lot of our environment. If deforestation keeps going on, the greenhouse effects cannot be reduced and finally the global warming will keep increasing. It warns us that our earth is in danger and we should participate actively to take care of our environment. Ladies and gentlemen Human growth increased, but not supported by natural growth. The modern people in this millennium era had affected so many destructive impacts which are really needed to be concern. They not only want to increase their prosperity, but also increase their rate of comfortable and luxurious life. Because of that the protected animal and plant nearly extinct, forest logging without reboization, and uncontrolled of mine exploitation. The impact of those problem cause Global Warming keeps increasing that its disaster such as floods, earthquake, landslides that can kill human life. The disaster can happen anytime and anywhere, every month even every week. We have to be worry about this. Ladies and gentlemen We live in the same world; in this earth. Nature balance was really disturbed by human behavior. As the youth generation without exception we should devote and participate on any program that cares to our environment and go green is one of them. The importance of Go green is making our environment to be green and full of fresh air. Everyone must be responsible for every single plant. We should do this for our better future environment. If there are 300 million people in Indonesia, there will be 300 millions of plants in Indonesia. In addition, planting any kinds of trees in the barren area or in side of the road can be done. That is a good start. These activities can be supported by doing another activity in saving our earth such as: 1. Stop deforestation and do reforestation movement 2. Reduce the use / purchase of goods made of plastic because almost all of plastic waste will produce harmful gases when burned and can pollute the environment. 3. Don’t throw away rubbish anywhere which can disturb the flowing of the river water. 4. Reduce fuel consumption. I believe we all can do and cooperate together. No one will get disadvantage. Ladies and gentlemen The importance of saving our environment is the need for all of us, for human being to survive. It is not only for us, but also for our next generation. The disasters above can be minimized if all of human beings can preserve our environment and we must pay more attention to our environment whenever and wherever. By doing those simple efforts, it means we have participated in the preservation of our environment. I think that’s all my speech. Hopefully it will be useful for all of us and thank you very much for your attention.

Financial Overview For the Global Venture PowerPoint Presentation

Financial Overview For the Global Venture - PowerPoint Presentation Example Times have changed and the world has become a global village where internet should be used as an effective tool for marketing the product and managing other resources while making sure that its done in a careful manner in order to avoid cybercrime or theft of confidential information to the competitors. The mission statement of Company A focuses on being the market leader in energy drinks industry while operating in an effective and profitable manner and at the same time providing an organizational culture that supports employees input and gives them their deserved recognition. Company A intends to work on SMART goals that mean being Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time-based and at the same time developing the objectives of growth, business development and fulfilling their obligations to society.SWOT analysis of Brazil demonstrates that they the major strengths of Brazil lie in high economic growth and fully developed infrastructures which are crucial for any new start- up company or a product launch. Weaknesses lie in complex regulatory mechanisms, fluctuations in the business cycle and complicated foreign investment policies. On the other hand, economic stability and abundance of hydroelectricity are considered to be the main opportunities in the Brazilian market. Lastly, two major threats include HIV which although is declining but still has a huge absolute number and high-interest rates.Based on the analysis, Brazil appears to be a profitable market/economy for Company A to launch their energy drink.

Analysis of The Christian and Bible Fundamentalism Essay

Analysis of The Christian and Bible Fundamentalism - Essay Example Christian and biblical fundamentalism refers to aspects based on ideologies that oppose the other theories that explain the nature. Scientific theories have been developed to explain the origin of life and the earth. Christian and Bible fundamentalists believe that the earth was created in seven, twenty four hour days. In addition, they believe that the other theories that explain the origin of earth are based on false ideologies. They focus on the creation account contained in the book of Genesis in the Old Testament of the Bible. They oppose biological theories of life and consider the people who formulate them as being directed by the evil. Christian fundamentalists argue based on the literal interpretation of the Bible. In this essay, Christian and Bible fundamentalism will be analyzed in detail. Fundamentalism refers to the total adherence to the values and doctrines of Christianity with respect to the literal interpretation of the Bible (Barrett & Kurian 45). Fundamentalism dev eloped from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, when the protestant movement strictly opposed the application of Christian doctrines to the current theories of science and philosophy. Fundamentalism has resulted to social and economic problems. The development of Christian fundamentalism was accelerated by the protestant movements in different countries. The aspect of fundamentalism developed from the United Kingdom and the United States of America in the 20th century. Christian and Bible fundamentalism started with the development of the social Gospel which was associated with the name of Walter Rauschenbusch in the United Kingdom (Gifford 2). Christian fundamentalists have been found to be extremists since they attribute all their lives and activities to the Christian faith. In the early days, Christianity was based on salvation with regard to matters that related to death, heaven and hell. However, with increased Christian fundamentalism, Christianity has been consid ered as a form of liberation from fear, hunger, ignorance, hell and other challenges that face the fundamentalists in their day to day lives. Christian and Bibl

Discuss 3 beliefs of hinduism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discuss 3 beliefs of hinduism - Essay Example The Hindus believe in one supreme power. The supreme power is called Brahman and it inspires life. Hindu deity is not limited to Brahman only. Many gods and goddesses exist in Hinduism and are responsible for different aspects of Brahman. An important element with Hindu deity is that there is a trinity. Brahman, Vishnu, and Shiva are godheads that make up the trinity. Dvaita provides that the Supreme Being have a nature of soul and matter. Samsara is the Hinduism belief in the continuous cycle of life. Hindus believe that life repeats itself in a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. According to this belief, the soul (atman) goes through many lives across different species. The ultimate end of this continuous life cycle is moksha, a state of freedom and salvation united with God. Finally, in Hinduism, an individual’s destiny depends on their karma, the law of causality that stipulates that actions draw proportional

Antitrust Laws Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Antitrust Laws - Coursework Example The price based competition results in exploitation of the customers whereas; they will not have cheaper products on their disposal. The process of research and development will become hindered as the monopolist does not need to develop new products because of the dying competition. Additionally, the term merger is used to define a contract in which two or more companies decide to construct a new one while, all of them become as one after the due process is complete. The acquisition on the other side involves a deal in which only one company loses its identity in order to become the part of another. In summary, one company buys another to become more prominent in the competition zone (Weber, Shenkar, & Raveh, 1996). Following section runs an analysis about effects of external environment on management’s decision making: - 1. Political Environment: - The political environment of the country encompasses the nature of government and stability of political atmosphere is also necessary for businesses to flourish (Boddewyn & Brewer, 1994). The national systems that are unstable do not offer good business environment. Additionally, the governmental policies radically change as well. In this kind of mechanism business management must resort on use of intensive risk management techniques. 2. Social Systems: - The social and cultural systems of the country govern the ways in which people relate to each other. The organizations need to blend in the system so that the customers and other stakeholders should consider them as their own (Dowling & Pfeffer, 1975). 3. Ethical Climate: - The organizations while operating in a specific national system require adapting to the cultural sense of right and wrong in order to avoid the possibility of committing a wrong just to repel all of the society (Payne & Raiborn, 1997). There is a significant difference in collective and individual cultures. The organizations have to