Inventors of the Spark Plug

Internal combustion engines need three things to run: spark, fuel, and compression. The spark comes from the spark plug.  Spark plugs consist of a metal threaded shell, a porcelain insulator, and a central electrode, which may contain a resistor. According to Britannica a spark plug or sparking plug is, a device that fits into the cylinder head of an internal-combustion engine and carries two electrodes separated by an air gap, across which current from a high-tension ignition system discharges, to form a spark for igniting the fuel. Edmond Berger Some historians have reported that Edmond Berger invented an early spark plug on February 2, 1839. However, Edmond Berger did not patent his invention. Spark plugs are used in  internal combustion engines  and in 1839 these engines were in the early days of experimentation. Therefore, Edmund Bergers spark plug, if it did exist, would have had to have been very experimental in nature as well or perhaps the date was a mistake. Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir ​​ This Belgian engineer developed the first commercially successful internal combustion engine in 1858. He is credited for developing the spark ignition system, which is described in US Patent #345596. Oliver Lodge Oliver Lodge invented the electric spark ignition (the Lodge Igniter) for the  internal combustion engine. Two of his sons developed his ideas and founded the Lodge Plug Company. Oliver Lodge is better known for his pioneering work in radio and was the first man to transmit a message by wireless.   Albert Champion During the early 1900s, France was the dominant manufacturer of spark plugs. Frenchman, Albert Champion was a bicycle and motorcycle racer who immigrated to the United States in 1889 to race. As a sideline, Champion manufactured and sold spark plugs to support himself. In 1904, Champion moved to Flint, Michigan where he started the Champion Ignition Company for the manufacturing of spark plugs. He later lost control of his company and in 1908 started the AC Spark Plug Company with backing from Buick Motor Co. AC presumably stood for Albert Champion. His AC spark plugs were used in aviation, notably for the trans-Atlantic flights of Charles Lindbergh  and Amelia Earhart. They also were used in the Apollo rocket stages. You may think the current-day Champion company that produces spark plugs was named after Albert Champion, but it was not. It was a completely different company that produced decorative tile in the 1920s. Spark plugs use ceramics as insulators, and Champion started producing spark plugs in their ceramic kilns. Demand grew so they switched completely to producing spark plugs in 1933. By this time, the AC Spark Plug Company had been bought by GM Corp. GM Corp was not allowed to continue using the Champion name as the original investors in Champion Ignition Company set up Champion Spark Plug Company as competition. Years later, United Delco and the AC Spark Plug Division of General Motors combined to become AC-Delco. In this way, the Champion name lives on in two different spark plug brands.

Democracy And Politics Of South Korea - 1387 Words

Eunyoung Kang Akira Ruddle-Miyamoto POLS 101 5 May 2015 Democracy and Politics in South Korea Democracy that means the rule of people has been used as a political system since Ancient Greece. Even though its concept has changed as time goes by, it is still regarded as one of the best political systems and used in many countries. Unfortunately, most Asian countries did not use this political system until the middle of the 20th century, so they have a very short history compared with western countries. Because of that, Asia has had some troubles. For example, Park and Shin (2006) said that many countries have had military dictatorship which is a common government for a developing country. A developing country, above all, might want to develop their economy, so they endure dictatorship because the dictator can make a decision easily and quickly (Park, C. D. Shin, D., 2006). It also happened in South Korea 50 years ago. In spite of military dictatorship in the past, South Korea has the most successfully established democracy in Asia (Whitehead, L., 2002). There is a special history of democracy in South Korea. Democracy was accepted in 1945 in South Korea because South Korea achieved independence from Japan. Right after independence of Korea from Japan, they were divided into two countries; North and South Korea. South Korea founded and developed a democratic government. However, democracy could not be preserved because a military general, Junghee Park, accomplished theShow MoreRelatedElectoral Systems : The Miracle On The Han River Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment of South Korea from the 1960s onwards. In a very short time, the Republic of Korea has achieved a political transformation that occurred in the past quarter-century and has graduated from military dictatorship to the twentieth most democratic country in the world, and the most democratic in Asia, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit. East Asia today is a mixture of liberalism, oligarchy, capitalism, and corruption. (O’Neil 201) and given the general lack of democracy in Asia, itRead MoreThe Forgotten War Of The Korean War1270 Words   |  6 Pagesencounter which has a tremendous influence on global politics, ideologies, and rivalries; this war encouraged the civil rights movement in America, it promoted the exchange of philosophies, and formed rivalries between some of the world’s greatest powers. The fall of the Japanize Empire after World War II left the Korean peninsula in crisis, which the Soviet Union seized upon. Therefore, at the Potsdam Conference in 1945, the allied powers agreed Korea would be divided roughly in half, at the 38th ParallelRead MoreThe Forgotten War Of The Korean War1270 Words   |  6 Pagesencounter which has a tremendous influence on global politics, ideologies, and rivalries; this war encouraged the civil rights movement in America, it promoted the exchange of philosophies, and formed rivalries between some of the world’s greatest powers. The fall of the Japanize Empire after World War II left the Korean peninsula in crisis, which the Soviet Union seized upon. Therefore, at the Potsdam Conference in 1945, the allied powers agreed Korea would be divided roughly in half, at the 38th ParallelRead MoreDifferences Between South Korea And Japan1535 Words   |  7 PagesIn Asia, South Korea and Japan always share same political culture, economic interests, international security environment and it seems that they should be each other’s closest allies. However, in reality, relations between the two countries are always troubled and contentious. In this paper, I would show some common factors between South Korea and Japan, and then explain what is holding Korea back from fostering closer relations with japan and why after seven decades the Korean establishment isRead MoreThe National Pension System ( Nps ) Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pagesaging population is very high, it has been a very high contributor to income ineq uality over the past few decades . As of OECD reports in 2011 have indicated 49 percent of the population above the age of 65 lived in relative poverty. The figure in Korea is extremely high compared to the OECD average which is 13 percent. The BOAP was introduced relatively late in 2008 which covers roughly about 70 percent of the population with the benefit of 97 thousand KRW which is 16 percent of the minimum costRead MoreFreedom For The Organization Freedom House1466 Words   |  6 Pagespeople as it is the people who have the power to change the government. Even though democracies can have corruption and limitations, they will still have more liberties than authoritarian states. This is evident in comparisons of South Korea and China. Using the 2014 data from FreedomHouse.org, China’s authoritarian regime can be compared to South Korea’s democracy, but despite there are a few limitations to South Korean liberties, there is still an exponentially greater trend tow ards civil libertiesRead MoreEssay about Politics of North and South Korea2482 Words   |  10 Pages Research Essay: North Korea and South Korea Throughout the history of politics, our societies have encountered a large variety of different political and governing systems. From systems in which idealists introduced to our world, believing that they are capable of letting the world function and operate in a more efficient manner came two of the most popular political ideologies that most would recognize. They are known as democracy and communism. Even now during the twenty-first century, issuesRead MoreNorth and South Korea: One Country, Divided Essay1642 Words   |  7 Pagesdivided countries of Korea know that millions of people want to relieve the pain of divided families but is still undecided to act. Superficially, it is easy to say that the divided Koreas should reunite so the family can be together again. However, there are also proven to be negative effects to the reunification. Therefore, should North Korea and South Korea reunite as one country? This question is important to ask because when two nations that were se parated from a war like Korea is asked to reuniteRead MoreSamsungs influence on South Korea1698 Words   |  7 Pages 1. Introduction Nowadays in South Korea it is possible to live a „Samsung-onlyâ€Å" life: You can use a Samsung credit card to buy a Samsung TV on which to watch a Samsung-owned pro baseball team in your Samsung-made apartment. The Samsung Group is a South Korean multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Seoul and operating worldwide. During the last century Samsung became the largest chaebol – the Korean term for corporate groups that were jump-start with government support andRead MoreUnited States And The United Nations2105 Words   |  9 PagesNations in Korea in late 1950s affect Cultural and Political Reconstruction? Danny Choi #003318-0046 Internal Assessment History of America HL Instructor: Leslie Grisham Spring 2015 Word Count: 1963 A. Plan of Investigation After a devastating civil war in Korea in early 1950s, South Korea faced a new, unprecedented phase in forming a constitutional government with assistance from the United States and the United Nations. Korea especially experienced several crucial reforms in politics and in

To Kill a Mockingbird Passage Free Essays

â€Å"If you had a clear conscience, why were you scared? † â€Å"Like I says before, it weren’t safe for any nigger to be in a—fix like that. † â€Å"But you weren’t in a fix—you testified that you were resisting Miss Ewell. Were you so scared that she’d hurt you, you ran, a big buck like you? † â€Å"No suh, I’s scared I’d be in court, just like I am now. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird Passage or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"Scared of arrest, scared you’d have to face up to what you did? † â€Å"No suh, scared I’d hafta face up to what I didn’t do. † â€Å"Are you being impudent to me, boy? † â€Å"No suh, I didn’t go to be. † This was as much as I heard of Mr. Gilmer’s cross-examination, because Jem made me take Dill out. For some reason Dill had started crying and couldn’t stop; quietly at first, then his sobs were heard by several people in the balcony. Jem said if I didn’t go with him he’d make me, and Reverend Sykes said I’d better go, so I went. Dill had seemed to be all right that day, nothing wrong with him, but I guessed he hadn’t fully recovered from running away. â€Å"Ain’t you feeling good? † I asked, when we reached the bottom of the stairs. Dill tried to pull himself together as we ran down the south steps. Mr. Link Deas was a lonely figure on the top step. â€Å"Anything happenin‘, Scout? † he asked as we went by. No sir,† I answered over my shoulder. â€Å"Dill here, he’s sick. † â€Å"Come on out under the trees,† I said. â€Å"Heat got you, I expect. † We chose the fattest live oak and we sat under it. â€Å"It was just him I couldn’t stand,† Dill said. â€Å"Who, Tom? † â€Å"That old Mr. Gilmer doin‘ him thataway, talking so hateful to him—† â€Å"Dill, that’s his job. Why, if we didn’t have prosecutors—well, we couldn’t have defense attorneys, I reckon. † Dill exhaled patiently. â€Å"I know all that, Scout. It was the way he said it made me sick, plain sick. † â€Å"He’s supposed to act that way, Dill, he was cross—† Page 202 He didn’t act that way when—† â€Å"Dill, those were his own witnesses. † â€Å"Well, Mr. Finch didn’t act that way to Mayella and old man Ewell when he crossexamined them. The way that man called him ‘boy’ all the time an‘ sneered at him, an’ looked around at the jury every time he answered—† â€Å"Well, Dill, after all he’s just a Negro. † â€Å"I don’t care one speck. It ain’t right, somehow it ain’t right to do ‘em that w ay. Hasn’t anybody got any business talkin’ like that—it just makes me sick. † â€Å"That’s just Mr. Gilmer’s way, Dill, he does ‘em all that way. You’ve never seen him get good’n down on one yet. Why, when—well, today Mr. Gilmer seemed to me like he wasn’t half trying. They do ’em all that way, most lawyers, I mean. † â€Å"Mr. Finch doesn’t. † â€Å"He’s not an example, Dill, he’s—† I was trying to grope in my memory for a sharp phrase of Miss Maudie Atkinson’s. I had it: â€Å"He’s the same in the courtroom as he is on the public streets. † â€Å"That’s not what I mean,† said Dill. â€Å"I know what you mean, boy,† said a voice behind us. We thought it came from the tree-trunk, but it belonged to Mr. Dolphus Raymond. He peered around the trunk at us. â€Å"You aren’t thin-hided, it just makes you sick, doesn’t it? † Page 203 How to cite To Kill a Mockingbird Passage, Papers

Overcoming Difficult Moments Essay Example For Students

Overcoming Difficult Moments Essay It was one scalding July afternoon in Mexico; everything was as settled and quiet as always, and as I enjoyed a glass of cold lemonade, I began think about what I was going to do next since I had just graduated from middle school in Mexico. I thought to myself â€Å"this next year is going to be great, with all my friends, nothing can possibly go wrong. † As those thoughts crossed my mind, an unexpected visit came, it was my uncle; who would know that my life was about to change in just a couple seconds. They say to always be prepared for the unexpected, but no one said to be ready so quick! My uncle walked into the house, and as he walked, I noticed a slim grin hidden behind the reason to his visit. When he finally sat down at the table, he said, -â€Å"Mija, we found a house,† I didn’t really understand the reason of those words spoken, but I found out later that they would change my life. My uncle began to explain how he had found a house in Donna, and him and his family was going to move there. My dad decided that I would leave my home in Mexico and join my uncle and his family to their new home. At first I was excited to try something new, but one I got to Donna, reality started to kick in. When I arrived to the new home, I immediately began to cry for my parents. It didn’t take me long to realize that I was no longer going to have my family, friends or acquaintances close anymore. The hardest part of this experience had to be going to a different school, full of strangers talking in a language I hardly understood. It was already difficult for me leaving my parents in order to peruse a better education, now I was facing a cultural challenge, the language. Even though I knew some English, my pronunciation and my writing was very rusty. Besides being the new kid at school, it was very difficult for me to make any friends. During the first semester, I struggled much in my classes because I couldn’t understand the method of instruction that is implemented here in the U. S. It took me some time to start to get the hang of how the classes worked, but I tried my best to keep up. I recall staying every day late in school with the teachers, to get tutoring. Eventually I was able to shine in class I had. I became an A student in almost every single class. Slowly I started to make friends and getting involved in extracurricular activities. Now, I was getting to see my parents for a day every three months, and that was very hard, but that whole year without them, I learned how to appreciate my family much more. It came to my mid that if God had permitted me to live in Donna, was because there was a purpose behind it. I became a youth group leader and the pianist for the church. Being involved in my church was also so beneficial because it helped be grow as a moral person and I was able to help others who were in my situation. I finally began to feel like I was in a home away from home. In conclusion, we all pass through a phase that shifts us from being a child, to becoming an adult. For me, it was the separation from my family, the cultural struggle, and finding a new church. I know have a sense of pride because with God’s help, I was able to survive the difficult time I faced. No matter what life throws at us, there is always a way to overcome. Like an old quote say, â€Å"there can’t be a rainbow, without a little rain. †